Skip to McMaster Navigation Skip to Site Navigation Skip to main content
McMaster logo

Assessing Activity-travel Behavior of Caregiver-Employees & Health Risk Areas in Hamilton Metro

PHASE 2: Intersectionality Analysis for CEs

Assisted-transport involves transporting ill or disabled care recipients to conduct errands, shop, attend medical appointments, or participate in social activities. 73% of Canadian caregiver-employees (CEs) provide this task as the most frequent type of care to their care-recipient (Statistics Canada, 2012). Despite being the most dominant type of caregiving task, little is known about it and how it impacts burden and overall health. Additionally, demand for this task is expected to rise in the near future as the aging population continues to grow. Therefore, this ongoing dissertation will provide insightful results to decision makers, particularly those in health and transportation planning, to mitigate demand for assisted-transport via transport policies; thus, improving work-life balance of CEs and their wellbeing.

Research Stages

Stage I (National): Multi-Quantitative Analyses of Assisted-Transport (2016 – 2017)

Stage II (Metropolitan): Potential Accessibility using multi-Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analyses (2017 – 2018)

Stage III (Individual): Classifying Space-time flexibility of Carer-employees’ travel behaviour (2019)

Expandable List

Dardas, A., Williams, A., Kitchen, P., & Wang, L. (2019). Assisted-Transport Caregiving and Its Impact Towards Carer-Employees. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 62 (4): 475-497. Doi: Click here to access full article.

Dardas, A., Williams, A., & Scott, D. (2020). Carer-employees’ travel behaviour: Assisted-transport in time and space. Journal of Transport Geography, 82. Click here to access full article.

Ding, R., Dardas, A., Wang, L., & Williams, A. (2020). Evaluation of a Caregiver-Friendly Workplace Program (CFWP) Intervention on the Health of Full-Time Caregiver Employees (CEs): A Time Series Analysis of Intervention Effects. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Click here to access full article.

Ding, R., Dardas, A., Wang, L. , & Williams, A. (2021). Improving the Workplace Experience of Caregiver-Employees: A Time-Series Analysis of a Workplace Intervention. Safety and Health at Work, Volume 12, Issue 3, pg 296-303. Click here to access full article.

Dardas, A., Williams, A., & Wang, L. (2021). Evaluating changes in workplace culture: Effectiveness of a caregiver-friendly workplace program in a public post-secondary educational institution. PLOS ONE.  Click here to access full article.

Dardas, A., Williams, A., & Deluca, P. (2021). Measuring Potential Assisted-Transport Demand for Older Adult Care-Recipients in Hamilton, Canada. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. 9, 100284. Click here to access full article. .

Dardas, A., Williams, A., & Wang, L. (2020). The Effectiveness of Caregiver-Friendly Workplace Program in a Public Post-Secondary Educational Institution. PLOS ONE, 16(5). Click here to access full article. 

Williams, A., & Van Vegel, D. (Presenters), Scott, D., Shuurman, N., Swanland, D., Knowles, J., & Dardas, A. (2021). Space-time prisms of carer-workers (CEs) juggling unpaid care and paid work. Paper presented at the 5th Transforming Care Conference, Virtual (Venice, Italy), June 2021.

Williams, A. (2021). Employing GIS to better understand the gendered nature of unpaid care work. Paper presented at the UN Women (United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women) Measuring SDG 5.4.1 (Unpaid Domestic and Care Work) in the Caribbean Conference, Virtual, February 3-4, 2021.

Dardas, A., & Williams, A. (2018). Assessing activity-travel behaviour of carer-employees & health risk areas in Canada (update). Paper presented at MIRA, McMaster Innovation Park, April 25, 2018.

Dardas, A., Williams, A., Kitchen, P., & Wang, L. (2017). Assisted-transport caregiving and its impact towards carer-employees. Paper presented at the Canadian Association of Geographers (CAG), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Dardas, A., Williams, A., Kitchen, P., & Wang, L. (2017). Assisted-transport caregiving and its impact towards carer-employees. Paper presented at the American Association of Geographers (AAG), Boston, MA, United States of America.

Dardas, A., & Williams, A. (2016). Assessing activity-travel behavior of caregiver-employees & health risk areas in Canada. Paper presented at the ESRI User Conference, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.